Recent research has provided a deeper understanding of the mysterious craters that appear in Siberia. These craters, some as deep as 50 meters and 70 meters wide, are formed when melting permafrost causes sudden explosions of methane. Melting permafrost causes cracks, releasing methane gas stored deep underground, leading to these dramatic explosions.
Unique geological conditions in northern Russia
According to Anna Morgado, a PhD student and chemical engineer at the University of Cambridge, this phenomenon is extremely rare and specific to the Yamal and Gydan peninsulas in northern Russia. Cryopeges, ancient pockets of salt water, exist only in this region and play a key role in the process.
Pressure build-up and explosion
Cryopeges, which formed from prehistoric seas that existed during the last ice age, remain liquid despite low temperatures due to their high pressure and salt content. As meltwater from the thawing of the surface permafrost seeps into these cryopegs, the pressure builds over decades. Eventually, cracks form in the permafrost, releasing the pressure and causing the methane hydrate to break down into gas, causing an explosion.
Implications for global warming
Although the phenomenon is rare, the release of methane gas during these explosions could have a significant impact on global warming. Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas and its release could cause further environmental concerns in Arctic regions. These craters, which occur only in northern Russia, offer new insights into the complexity of permafrost melting and its potential consequences for climate.
