A powerful solar storm is forecast to reach Earth on Thursday, October 10, according to forecasters at the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The storm could create stunning aurora borealis and affect radio communications, power grids and satellites. NOAA’s Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) has issued a G4 geomagnetic storm warning, the second highest level on their scale. A similar storm was last seen in May of this year, causing dramatic auroral phenomena.

Solar flare and its consequences

This event stems from a massive solar flare, classified as X1.8, that erupted from the sun on the night of October 8. The flare was accompanied by a coronal mass ejection (CME), which is now hurtling toward Earth. Shawn Dahl, service coordinator at SWPC, explained that the impact can vary depending on how the CME’s magnetic field aligns with Earth’s. A direct link would amplify the storm’s intensity, while a mismatch could reduce its impact.

Impact on auroras and communications

SWPC estimates that the solar storm could affect communications, power grids and satellites. The auroral displays, also known as the northern and southern lights, are expected to be more vivid and visible at lower latitudes, offering a rare sight to observers across the US. Dahl mentioned that the CME is moving at incredible speeds, up to 2.9 million miles per hour, and could begin affecting Earth’s magnetic field as early as Thursday morning.

What to expect

Geomagnetic storms can also disrupt communication systems and power grids. NOAA encourages aurora observers to monitor real-time solar wind data and be prepared for potential service disruptions. The intensity of the aurora will depend on how the storm develops as it reaches Earth, with the strongest effects likely to occur on the evening of October 10.